BRAINLIEST! Which best describes the role of the papacy in the Middle Ages?
strengthened the Christian church by aligning policies with secular kings
claimed supreme ecclesiastical and political authority over Europe
mobilized and defended Christian kings against pagan aggressors
supported secular rulers by conducting church rituals in the vernacular
Option 2. In the Middle Ages, the papacy and the secular government were, for the most part, the same. Even though there were kings, they would often seek advice from the Popes before taking action.
