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The common school would mitigate class conflict, circumvent anarchy, enhance civic engagement, and perhaps most importantly inculcate moral habits, all by molding society's most malleable members. The Common School Movement was an effort that began in the early 1800s to provide free education to all students, regardless of wealth, heritage, or class. Horace Mann, who became the first Secretary of the Massachusetts State Board of Education in 1837, is credited with starting the movement.