When a consumer eats a producer, 10 percent of the producer’s energy is passed on to the consumer trophic level. What happens to the other 90 percent?
-It is used by the producer to pass on to the next trophic level.
-It is consumed and used by the consumer.
-It is used for cell processes or released as heat.
-It is added back to the soil by decomposers.

Why is there less biomass at the top of the energy pyramid?
-Secondary and tertiary consumers live longer, so there are fewer of them because they reproduce more slowly.
-Secondary and tertiary consumers are larger, so there are fewer of them.
-Secondary and tertiary consumers have bigger ranges, so there are fewer of them because they each need a lot of space.
-Secondary and tertiary consumers have to consume a lot more food to support themselves, so there are fewer of them.

Using the ten percent rule, determine how many kilocalories of energy the tertiary consumer tuna will receive.
-135,000 Kcal
-13,500 Kcal
-1,350 Kcal
-135 Kcal

Read the following statements about various species of plants and animals. Which one would be classified as an invasive species?
-Loosestrife beetles, native to Eurasia, have been released in various American states to combat the invasive plant, purple loosestrife.
-Dandelions are plants from Eurasia. They are often considered weeds by homeowners and killed off by using an herbicide. They can be consumed in salads or as a tea and are the first food resource for bees in the spring.
-Kudzu, a plant from Japan, was introduced as a foliage crop and to reduce soil erosion. It grows up to a foot per day, smothering low-growing plants and killing trees.
-Honey bees are from Europe and can sting people. They are often farmed in America for their ability to pollinate and provide honey.

Use the following formula to find the efficiency of energy transfer between the harbor seal (2,500 Kcal) and a polar bear (375 Kcal).
-15%
-20%
-10%
-12%