The zone of proximal development and Scaffolding underscore the social nature of learning in Vygotsky’s theory of cognitive development.
Vygotsky’s theory of cognitive development states that the cognitive abilities of an individual are guided and constructed through a social procedure. Keeping this in mind, cultures serve as a mediator for the formation as well as development of certain abilities such as memory, learning, problem solving and attention.
He focuses on learning as an important social process where the support of society is required. Thus, he gave four stages of cognitive development- the sensorimotor stage, the preoperational stage, the concrete operational stage as well as the formal operation stage.
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