The major groove allows proteins to detect and attach DNA sequences, conformational DNA alterations, and has gene regulatory proteins.
The major groove and the minor groove are formed by the gaps between the intertwined backbones. The major groove is broader than the minor groove, as you pointed out. Proteins may attach to and detect DNA sequences from outside the helix thanks to these grooves. Because the grooves show the margins of each base pair inside the helix, proteins may chemically identify certain DNA sequences. Once a protein attaches, the DNA may alter in conformation, which may affect how genes are expressed.
Longer DNA sequence lengths may be seen because the primary groove is broader, which also makes it possible to tell one sequence from another. As a result, the major groove is bound by numerous gene regulatory proteins at certain DNA sequences.
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